ENGLAWI

Paradigms and inflections

Description

Both lemmas and inflections may appear as headwords in Wiktionary. When a headword relates to a lemma, the corresponding inflections (plural of nouns, comparative and superlative forms of adjectives, participles and third-person forms of verbs, etc.) may be given below or next to the headword line. For example, the inflections of the irregular verb deal are given in Wiktionary’s headword line as depicted below:

Verb
deal (third-person singular simple present deals, present participle dealing, simple past and past participle dealt).

When a headword relates to an inflected form, its definition usually provides the corresponding lemma and inflection type. For example, the inflected form dealing is defined as follows:

Verb
dealing
        1. present participle of deal

Information found in the definitions of inflected forms is encoded in the inflectionOf tag of the definitions. It is also transferred, together with the information found in the headword line of lemmas, to the inflectional paradigms inside lemmas' POS section, as described below.

XML structure

• paradigm <!ELEMENT paradigm (inflection)*> <!ELEMENT inflection EMPTY> <!ATTLIST inflection form CDATA #REQUIRED qual (alternative|archaic|irregular|nonstandard|obsolete) #IMPLIED gracePOS (Afc--|Afp--|Afs--|Rgc|Rgp|Rgs|Nc-p|Nc-s|Vmis1p- |Vmis1s-|Vmis2p-|Vmis2s-|Vmisp3p-|Vmis3s- |Vm-ps--|Vmip1p-|Vmip1s-|Vmip2p-|Vmip2s-|Vmip3p- |Vmip3s-|Vmpp---|Np-p|Np-s|Vmn---) #REQUIRED> The inflectional paradigm of the verb deal is given is the paradigm tag of the article deal:
  
  
  The qual (qualifier) attribute may indicate non standard inflections, such as shrinkest, the archaic second-person singular simple present form of shrink, or sayed, the nonstandard simple past tense of say
  
  
• inflectionInfos <!ELEMENT inflectionInfos (inflectedForm)*> <!ELEMENT inflectedForm EMPTY> <!ATTLIST inflectedForm gracePOS qual (alternative|archaic|irregular|nonstandard|obsolete) #IMPLIED (Afc--|Afp--|Afs--|Rgc|Rgp|Rgs|Nc-p|Nc-s |Vmis1p-|Vmis1s-|Vmis2p-|Vmis2s-|Vmisp3p-|Vmis3s-|Vm-ps--|Vmip1p- |Vmip1s-|Vmip2p-|Vmip2s-|Vmip3p-|Vmip3s-|Vmpp---|Np-p|Np-s|Vmn---) #REQUIRED lemma CDATA #REQUIRED>

  The inflectionInfos element enumerates the morphosyntactic features of the forms and their lemmas. For example, the type of inflections dealing corresponds to is given in the inflectionInfos tag of the article dealing:
  
  The qual (qualifier) attribute indicates archaic variants such as closeth, third-person singular present form of close:
  
  

GRACE format

The gracePOS attribute given in inflectedForm and inflection follow the GRACE format (Rajman et al., 1997). It is used for nouns, verbs and adjectives as described below.

Nouns
Code	Description
Nc-[sp]	Common nouns + number (s: singular, p: plural)

Adjectives
Code	Description
Af[pcs]--	Adjective + type (p: positive, c: comparative, s: superlative)

Adverbs
Code	Description
Rg[pcs]	Adverb + type (p: positive, c: comparative, s: superlative)

Code	Description
Vmn----	Infinitive
Vmpp---	Present participle
Vm-ps---	Past participle
Vmi[ps][123][sp]-	Inflected verb form, indicative (subjunctive and imperative forms do not differ) + tense (p: present, s: past) + person ([123]) + number (s: singular, p: plural)

Reference
Rajman, M., Lecomte, J., and Paroubek, P. (1997). Format de description lexicale pour le français. Partie 2 : Description morpho-syntaxique. Technical report, EPFL & INaLF. GRACE GTR-3-2.1.

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