GLAWI

This documentation is based on (Sajous and Hathout, 2015) and (Hathout and Sajous, 2016).

Linguistic labels

Description

Linguistic labels (in French: marques lexicographiques) are indicators found in definitions that signal a particular usage of a word: period, geographic area, specialized domain or subculture slang, etc.
In Wiktionnaire, such labels appear under heterogeneous formats in the wikicode. We detected and normalized labels in order to:

• remove labels from the textual content of glosses and examples;
• encode them formally in dedicated children markups of glosses and examples elements (see an illustration in the definitions page).

In order to normalize labels, we inventoried more than 6,000 different labels and aliases. (aliases are the different ways to encode the same information in Wiktionnaire: for example the œnologie ‘enology’ domain label appears under five forms in wikicode: {{œnologie}}, {{oenologie}}, {{œnol}}, {{oenol}} and (œnologie)).

We grouped the linguistic labels into categories (diatopic, diachronic, attitudinal, etc.) that are not encoded in Wiktionnaire. Examples are given below.

XML structure of labels

<!ELEMENT labels (label)*> <!ELEMENT label EMPTY> <!ATTLIST label type (attitudinal|diafrequential|diachronic|diatopic|domain|gram|loan|other|sem|usage|register) "other" value CDATA #REQUIRED>

Main labels types and values

The figures given in the following tables are those found in the version of GLAWI extracted from Wiktionnaire's 2/10/2015 dump.

Diafrequential		6,166	Diatopic		8,726
rare	rare	4,215	Québec	Quebec	1,717
extrêmement rare	extremely rare	1,016	France	France	1,138
très rare	very rare	301	Canada	Canada	971
plus courant	more common	190	Suisse	Switzerland	962
courant	common	186	Belgique	Belgium	637
plus rare	more rare	176	Lorraine	Lorraine	299
moins courant	less common	62	Occitanie	Occitanie	246
peu usité	rarely used	20	Normandie	Normandie	134
			Provence	Provence	123
Diachronic		24,450	Acadie	Acadie	122
vieilli	old	9,431	Louisiane	Louisiana	90
désuet	dated	6,043	Réunion	Réunion	89
avant 1835	before 1835	1,654	Afrique	Africa	64
néologisme	neologism	820	Congo-Kinshasa	Congo-Kinshasa	47
archaïque	archaic	661	Ardennes	Ardennes	46
1986		73	Languedoc-Roussillon	Languedoc-Roussillon	44
1990		72	Bretagne	Brittany	40
766 other years		5,841	362 other areas		1,957
Loanwords		1,493	Domains		155,532
anglicisme	Anglicism	1,446	localités	locality	49,060
indo-européen commun	usual indo-european	22	géographie	geography	11,935
hispanisme	Hispanism	11	botanique	botanic	6,461
germanisme	Germanism	7	zoologie	zoology	5,460
gaulois	Gallic	4	médecine	medecine	5,258
catalan	Catalan	3	chimie	chemistry	3,358
			histoire	history	2,804
			marine	sailing	2,644
Semantics		23,860	religion	religion	2,559
figuré	figurative	10,859	linguistique	linguistics	2,177
par extension	by extension	6,666	agriculture	agriculture	2,071
en particulier	in particular	2,574	anatomie	anatomy	2,005
analogie	analogy	1,213	informatique	computer science	1,718
métonymie	metonymy	886	droit	law	1,698
ellipse	ellipsis	793	physique	physics	1,579
spécialement	especially	704	militaire	military	1,572
métaphore	metaphor	75	musique	music	1,570
hyperbole	hyperbole	30	minéralogie	mineralogy	1,531
apocope	apocope	24	biologie	biology	1,515
généralement	generally	19	antiquité	antique	1,327
litote	litote	10	cuisine	cooking	1,284
figure	rethorical figure	7	367 other domains		45,946
Attitudinal		17,340
familier	familiar	8333
argot	slang	2166
populaire	popular	1870
péjoratif	pejorative	1587
vulgaire	vulgar	770
littéraire	literary	513
ironique	ironic	450
plaisanterie	humor	345
injurieux	offensive	258
exagération	exaggeration	254
soutenu	formal	247
poétique	poetic	183
verlan	backslang	128
enfantin	childish	81
euphémisme	euphemism	66
très familier	very familiar	65
informel	informal	13
dérision	derision	13
mélioratif	meliorative	1

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